The main categories of
mental illness are:
Neurodevelopmental disorders
This category covers a wide range of problems
that usually begin at the age of breastfeeding or childhood, often before a
child starts elementary school. Examples include autism spectrum
disorder,
attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity (ADHD), and learning disorders.
Schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders
Mental disorders cause a break with reality - such
as delusions, hallucinations, disorganized thinking and speech. The most prominent example is schizophrenia,
although there are other classes of disorders that can sometimes be associated
with separation from reality.
Bipolar disorder and associated disorders
This category includes disorders with alternating episodes of mania -
periods of hyperactivity, energy and excitement - and depression.
Depressive disorders
It includes these disturbances that affect your
emotional feelings, such as the level of sadness and happiness, and can impair
your ability to work. Examples include severe depression disorder and
premenstrual dysphoric disorder.
Anxiety disorders
Anxiety is an emotion characterized by anticipation of danger or
distress in the future, along with excessive anxiety. It can include behavior intended to avoid
anxiety-causing situations. This category includes generalized anxiety
disorder, panic disorder, and phobias.
Obsessive-compulsive disorder and associated disorders
These disturbances involve preoccupation or obsessions, repetitive
thoughts and actions. Examples include obsessive-compulsive disorder,
compactness disorder, and trichotillomania.
Shocks and stress related disorders
These are the adaptive disorders that a person has trouble coping with
during or after stressful life events. Examples include post-traumatic stress disorder
(PTSD) and acute stress disorder.
Schizophrenic disorders
These are disorders in which your sense of self is impaired, such as
dissociative identity disorder and schizophrenic amnesia.
Physical symptoms and associated disorders
A person with one of these disorders may have physical symptoms that
cause major emotional disorders and work problems. There may or may not be another diagnostic
medical condition associated with these symptoms, but the reaction to the
symptoms is abnormal. Disorders include physical symptoms disorder,
pathological anxiety disorder and fabricated disorder.
Nutritional disorder and appetite disorder
It includes eating-related disorders that affect nutrition and health,
such as anorexia nervosa and an eating disorder.
Disposal disorders
These disorders relate to improper disposal of urine or stools by
accident or on purpose. Bed wetness (enuresis) is an example.
Sleep and wake disorders
These sleep disorders are severe enough to
require clinical care, such as insomnia, sleep apnea and restless legs syndrome.
Sexual dysfunctions
It includes sexual response disorders, such as
premature ejaculation and female orgasmic disorder.
Behavioral, impulsive, and obstructive disorders
These disorders include emotional and
behavioral control problems, such as theft mania or intermittent explosive
disorder.
Addiction disorders and substance abuse
Problems associated with excessive use of
alcohol, caffeine, tobacco and drugs. This category also includes gambling disorder.
Cognitive disorders
Cognitive disturbances affect your ability to
think and perceive. These include cognitive problems (not
developmental) delirium, as well as neurocognitive disorders due to conditions
or diseases such as traumatic brain injury or Alzheimer's disease.
Personality disorders
Personality disorder implies a persistent
pattern of emotional instability and unhealthy behavior that causes problems in
your life and relationships. Examples include borderline, anti-social, and
narcissistic personality disorders.
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